HIV and AIDS nursing NCLEX review: Learn about the HIV virus, symptoms of HIV, how HIV is spread (transmitted), HIV treatment, ART (antiretroviral therapy) medications, HIV life cycle, HIV causes, HIV testing, opportunistic infections and diseases, and the nurse's role for patients with HIV / AIDS.

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HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus, whereas AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

HIV is most commonly transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, contaminated blood transfusions, sharing needles or similar non-sterile tools, pregnancy, and more.

Once a person comes into contact with the HIV virus, it attacks the immune system by targeting CD4 positive cells, especially the T helper cell.

The virus uses these cells to replicate, and it eventually kills the cells. Thus, it lowers the number of immune cells in the patient and places him or her at risk for opportunistic infections such as cancer, bacterial infections, viral infections, or protozoal infections.

HIV has a life cycle that is important to understand because treatments such as ART (antiretroviral therapy) will target certain parts of this life cycle.

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