#autism #brains #consciousness
Where does consciousness come from? Can we cure autism? Can we grow a human BRAIN in Space?? Dr. Alysson Muotri joins me to discuss all these fascinating questions and more.
Brain organoids are lab-grown minibrains that mimic structural and functional features of full-size brains. They are created by culturing pluripotent stem cells in a three-dimensional rotational bioreactor, and they develop over a course of months. Brain organoids have emerged as novel model systems that can be used to investigate human brain development and disorders34, as well as evolutionary studies and neural network research
Muotri is a Professor at the Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine at UC San Diego, an Associate Director of CARTA, The Center for Research and Training in Anthropology, and Director of the Stem Cell Program, and of the Archealization Center (ArchC) at UC San Diego.
He moved to the Salk Institute as Pew Latin America Fellow in 2002 for postdoctoral training in the fields of neuroscience and stem cell biology. His research focuses on brain evolution and modeling neurological diseases using human-induced pluripotent stem cells and brain organoids. He has an additional focus on solving one of life's greatest mysteries: What is it that makes us uniquely human? Our unique social brains are one of the key distinguishing factors between humans and other primates. We are even very different from our closest relatives, the Neanderthals.
His work has implications for the generation of human disease models by determining the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving neurological complex disorders, such as autism. It is also creating opportunities for identifying and testing novel therapeutic approaches. Understanding the evolutionary path and the tradeoffs of the modern human brain will likely illuminate the origins of human disease.
Dr. Moutri has received several awards, including the prestigious NIH Director’s New Innovator Award, NARSAD, Emerald Foundation Young Investigator Award, Surugadai Award, Rock Star of Innovation, NIH EUREKA Award, and two Telly Awards for Excellence in Science Communication.
Links:
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
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Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny
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the Archealization Center Archc.ucsd.edu
00:00:00 Intro
00:02:37 Professor Moutri’s origin story on becoming a scientist
00:04:09 About the UC San Diego Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
00:05:47 What is an organoid?
00:07:09 Creating organoids from pluripotent stem cells. What is an induced pluripotent stem cell?
00:08:30 Ethical considerations for organoid research and the development iPSCs
00:11:18 What part of the brain does a brain organoid mimic?
00:13:41 How do brains compare to computers?
00:16:04 Can an artificial intelligence feel?
00:16:57 Autism and Neandrathals: their role in Alysson's research, and his experience as a father of an autistic son.
00:19:19 Williams syndrome - and it may reveal about autism, genetics and the brain
00:20:15 Having a son with autism
00:23:46 The advent of organoids as a research tool.
00:30:15 Neandrathral brains. What can neandrathal DNA reveal about human development?
00:35:11 What makes human brains and minds unique?
00:41:56 What do you think about Neuralink and electronic brain interfaces?
00:48:47 The microgravity experiment: Brain Organoid Advanced Research and Development Mission
00:52:31 Why study rare conditions? (like Williams Syndrome)
00:58:35 Microglial cells, sleep and aging in the brain.
01:00:42 What would you put in your ethical will for future generations?
01:02:15 What is the most magical thing you've discovered?
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