Treatments for Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) include:

Initial Treatment:

1. Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone) to reduce antibody production and hemolysis.

2. Immunosuppressive agents (e.g., azathioprine, cyclophosphamide) to suppress the immune system.

Second-Line Treatments:

1. Rituximab (monoclonal antibody) to suppress B cells producing autoantibodies.

2. Splenectomy (surgical removal of the spleen) to reduce antibody production and hemolysis.

3. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to neutralize autoantibodies.

Third-Line Treatments:

1. Plasma exchange to remove autoantibodies from the blood.

2. Cyclosporine or tacrolimus to suppress the immune system.

3. Alemtuzumab (monoclonal antibody) to suppress B cells and T cells.

Supportive Care:

1. Blood transfusions to manage anemia.

2. Folic acid supplementation to manage folate deficiency.

3. Iron supplementation to manage iron deficiency.

Emerging Treatments:

1. Complement inhibitors to prevent hemolysis.

2. B-cell depleting therapies to target B cells producing autoantibodies.

3. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in severe cases.

Treatment goals focus on reducing hemolysis, managing anemia, and preventing complications. A healthcare provider will develop a personalized treatment plan based on disease severity and individual needs.

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