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Postharvest
Postharvest calcium treatment of apple fruit increased lenticel breakdown and altered cuticle structure
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Postharvest calcium increased lenticel breakdown of several apple cultivars following storage.

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Callose and suberin are deposited in sub-lenticular cells and calcium enhances suberin.

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Cuticle became thinner and the epicuticullar wax lost its globular appearance in calcium treated fruit.

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Gene’s Expression of cutin/wax transporters and wax biosynthesis was reduced by calcium.

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Augmentation of LB by calcium may result from a reduction in cuticle deposition.


Abstract
Lenticel breakdown (LB) mainly occurs in susceptible ‘Gala’ and ‘Red Delicious’ apples following storage. Postharvest calcium treatment increased LB of both cultiavrs as well as the less susceptible ‘Orleans’ and ‘Granny Smith’. Calcium increased the number and size of damaged lenticels. Callose was deposited in the sub-lenticular cells and the cuticle of the damaged lenticels, as well as in non- damaged lenticels. Suberin was deposited in the sub-lenticular cells, but only in the most severely damaged lenticels, and especially in calcium-treated fruit. Postharvest calcium treatment increased the micro- cracking of the skin surface and removed the epicuticullar wax following storage. It also decreased the thickness of the cutin and wax layers. Gene expression, mainly of those involved in the wax biosynthesis and cutin and wax transport, were reduced in peel of calcium-treated fruit. Our study suggests that the deleterious effect of calcium on fruit skin occurs due to a decrease in cuticle deposition during storage, resulting in a thinner cuticle, leading to micro-cracks, which culminates in increased lenticel damage.



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