Voltaire's Candide is a French satire first published in 1759. The author was a major philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment.

Candide is a savage denunciation of metaphysical optimism—as espoused by the German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.

When the story begins, Candide, is living an easy sheltered life and being indoctrinated with Leibnizian optimism by his mentor, Professor Pangloss. This lifestyle comes to an abrupt halt, and is followed by Candide's slow and painful disillusionment as he witnesses and experiences great hardships in the world.

Voltaire’s Candide was influenced by various atrocities of the mid-18th century, most notably the devastating Lisbon earthquake of 1755, the outbreak of the horrific Seven Years’ War in the German states.

Voltaire concludes Candide with, if not rejecting Leibnizian optimism outright, advocating a deeply practical precept, "we must cultivate our garden", in lieu of the Leibnizian mantra of Pangloss, "all is for the best" in the "best of all possible worlds".



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