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Nicaragua v. United States | 1986 I.C.J. 14
The International Court of Justice is the primary judicial arm of the United Nations, or the UN, and exists to resolve legal disputes among UN member states. In 1986, the court issued one of its most consequential decisions, Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua, also known as Nicaragua versus United States, addressing covert United States activities in Nicaragua.
In 1979, the Nicaraguan government of President Anastasio Somoza fell to a popular uprising led by the Sandinistas, who installed a new government. Almost immediately, armed resistance to this new government arose. The US abandoned its initial support of the Sandinista government when it learned that Nicaragua was supplying aid to Marxist guerillas in El Salvador. Thereafter, the US began covertly to channel money, weapons, and other support to the Nicaraguan opposition, known as the Contras. In 1983 and 1984, US military personnel mined Nicaraguan harbors and carried out attacks on Nicaraguan facilities.
In 1984, Nicaragua filed suit against the US in the International Court of Justice, claiming that the US had violated both the UN Charter and principles of customary international law. Nicaragua asked that the US be ordered to cease its operations in the country and pay reparations.
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