The Hranice Abyss (Czech: Hranická propast) is the deepest flooded pit in the world. It is a karst sinkhole near the town of Hlanice, Czech Republic.
In 2016, a team led by renowned Polish cave diver Krzysztof Starnawski ventured into these dark depths, concluding that they extend at least 404 meters (1,325 feet) underwater. However, this estimate was only as much as their diving equipment allowed them, and its true depth remained a mystery.
In 2020, scientific exploration into the cave revealed that parts of the system apparently reach depths of one kilometer. Analysis of water found isotopes of carbon and helium. This suggests that the caves were formed by acidic water that was heated by the mantle and gushed from below.
As an estimate, however, we still have no firm idea of the actual depth of the underwater cave. It could be further.
The underwater caverns in the Perov district of the Czech Republic are not simply holes filled with water, but a complex system of cave-like tunnels through the earth. Spongy underwater tunnels are usually cut through soluble rock by slightly acidic rainwater and meltwater that slowly dissolves the surrounding limestone.
For centuries, people have tried to understand the scale of the Hranice Abyss. There are some historical accounts of a man holding his breath and diving to the bottom of a cave in 1580 in an attempt to determine its depth. Obviously, that attempt was unsuccessful, but technological developments have allowed divers and scientists to dive deeper and deeper over the past century. Nevertheless, diving in murky abyss is still a difficult task. Especially since acidic water with a lot of CO2 can irritate a diver's skin and equipment.
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