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Rogers v. Lodge | 458 U.S. 613 (1982)
No African American candidate had ever been elected to the Burke County Board of Commissioners. Black citizens blamed the county’s at-large elections, which were the subject of the equal protection case Rogers versus Lodge.
Burke County, a large rural county in eastern Georgia, had never been divided into voting districts. All elections for the five-member county commission were at large. To win office, a candidate had to win a majority of votes cast in the primary or general election. Slightly over half the population was Black, though Blacks made up only thirty-eight percent of the voting age population. Black candidates had run for election but had never won.
In nineteen seventy-six, eight Black citizens brought a class action lawsuit on behalf of all Black residents of Burke County. They alleged that the system of at-large elections violated their constitutional rights by diluting the voting power of Black citizens. The district court found that, while the at-large system had been racially neutral when it was adopted in nineteen eleven, it was being maintained to limit the participation of Blacks in the political process. This was an invidious purpose in violation of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. The court ordered Burke County to divide itself into five districts to elect county commissioners.
The Fifth Circuit affirmed. The United States Supreme Court granted cert.
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