Geranium pyrenaicum
G. molle
G. pusillum

Recent research has shown that while these species look different, they cannot be distinguished genetically. An extract from work carried out in Iran:


Species delimitation in Geranium sect. Batrachioidea : morphological and molecular

S Esfandani Bozchaloyi, M Sheidai, M Keshavarzi, Z Noormohammadi

Acta Botanica Hungarica 59 (3-4), 319-334, 2017


"We encountered extensive within species genetic and morphological diversity. ISSR molecular markers could not delimit the studied species. STRUCTURE analysis revealed the occurrence gene flow between these species."

ISSR "can be useful as DNA-based molecular markers for studying genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships, DNA fingerprinting for the identification of varieties or cultivars, and also for genome mapping" (Assefas, Hereditas, 2003)

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