Paracetamol overdose is common and may occur accidentally or in the context of self-harm. Significant overdose can result in liver failure if not promptly treated with the antidote.

How does paracetamol harm you?
Paracetamol is usually taken by mouth and is available in various ways, such as in tablet, caplet, soluble and liquid forms. They will pass to the stomach and intestine into the body and lead to pain relief and lowering of a high temperature (fever). After this, paracetamol is inactivated before being removed from the body. About 20% of the medicine is processed in the intestinal wall and the remainder in the liver. As a result a small amount of a toxic compound (n-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, or NAPQI) is formed in the liver but is quickly detoxified by a substance called glutathione. However in overdose the stores of glutathione can be depleted so that there isn't enough to remove the increased amounts of NAPQI. The NAPQI can then build up and damage the liver.

Paracetamol is the most common medicine taken in overdose. It can lead to liver failure in a number of days, despite using medication to protect the liver. Liver failure can be fatal.

Over 150 people die each year as a result of a paracetamol overdose.


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