A Network Administrator is responsible for the health, security, and optimal performance of a network.
Core Concepts:
IP Addressing and Subnetting: Understanding IPv4, IPv6, CIDR notation, and subnet masks.
Routing Protocols: OSPF, BGP, EIGRP, and RIP – knowing how data gets from one network to another.
Switching Concepts: VLANs, STP, MAC addressing, Trunking, and EtherChannel.
Network Security: Firewalls (NGFW), VPNs (IPsec, SSL), and IDS/IPS systems.
Key Tools:
Wireshark: Packet capture and analysis tool.
Nmap: Network scanning and vulnerability discovery tool.
NetFlow/SFlow/IPFIX: For traffic monitoring and network behavior analysis.
Nagios/Zabbix: Open-source tools for network and server monitoring.
SolarWinds: Popular network monitoring tool (NPM) for infrastructure and application performance monitoring.
PuTTY/Terminals: SSH/Telnet clients for accessing network devices remotely.
Ports:
Common Ports: FTP (21), SSH (22), DNS (53), HTTP (80), HTTPS (443), SMTP (25), POP3 (110), IMAP (143).
Unknown Ports (Obscure Use Cases): NetBIOS (139, 445), and other less-used ones that can be critical in unique legacy setups or attacks.
Monitoring & Logging:
Syslog Servers: Collect logs from all devices for auditing and troubleshooting.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): Enables the monitoring of device health and performance through MIBs.
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