The Alhambra (translated as 'The Red One') is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain. One of the most famous monuments of Islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic Islamic world, also contains notable examples of Spanish Renaissance architecture.
The complex was begun in 1238 by Muhammad I Ibn al-Ahmar, first Nasrid emir and founder of the Emirate of Granada, the last Muslim state of Al-Andalus. It was built on the Sabika hill, an outcrop of the Sierra Nevada which had been the site of earlier fortresses and of the 11th-century palace of Samuel ibn Naghrillah. The most significant construction campaigns took place in the 14th century. After the conclusion of the Christian Reconquista in 1492, the site became the Royal Court of Ferdinand and Isabella (where Christopher Columbus received royal endorsement for his expedition), and the palaces were partially altered. In 1526, Charles V of Spain commissioned a new Renaissance-style palace near the Nasrid palaces, but it was left uncompleted in the early 17th c. After laying in disrepair for centuries, its buildings occupied by squatters, the Alhambra was rediscovered following the defeat of Napoleon, whose troops destroyed parts of the site. The rediscoverers were first British intellectuals and then other American and northern European Romantic travelers. The most influential of them was Washington Irving, whose Tales of the Alhambra (1832) brought international attention to the site. The Alhambra was one of the first Islamic monuments to become the object of modern scientific study and has been the subject of numerous restorations since the 19th c. It is now one of Spain's major tourist attractions and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
During the Nasrid era, the Alhambra was a self-contained city separate from the rest of Granada below. It contained most of the amenities of a Muslim city such as a Friday mosque, hammams (public baths), roads, houses, artisan workshops, a tannery, and a sophisticated water supply system. As a royal city and citadel, it contained at least six major palaces. The most famous and best-preserved are the Mexuar, the Comares Palace, the Palace of the Lions, and the Partal Palace, which form the main attraction to visitors today. The other palaces are known from historical sources and from modern excavations. At the Alhambra's western tip is the Alcazaba fortress. Multiple smaller towers and fortified gates are also located along the Alhambra's walls. Outside the Alhambra walls lies the Generalife, a former Nasrid country estate and summer palace accompanied by historic orchards and modern landscaped gardens.
The architecture of the Nasrid palaces reflects the Moorish tradition developed over previous centuries. It is characterized by the use of the courtyard as a central space and basic unit. Courtyards typically had water features at their center, such as a reflective pool or a fountain. Decoration was focused on the inside of the building and was executed primarily with tile mosaics on lower walls and carved stucco on the upper walls. Geometric patterns, vegetal motifs, and Arabic inscriptions were the main types of decorative motifs. Additionally, "stalactite"-like sculpting, known as muqarnas, was used for three-dimensional features like vaulted ceilings.
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Date of recording
30 April 2022 Saturday
10:50pm
20ºC/68ºF
See · Feel · Enjoy Andalucía
Timestamps:
00:00 In this video
00:45 Entrance Hall
01:11 Mexuar
02:46 Comares Palace
06:06 Court of Myrtles
09:13 Hall of Ambassadors
12:20 Court of Myrtles
16:08 Palace of the Lions
21:30 Hall of the Abencerrages
23:10 Court of Lions
23:55 Hall of Kings
24:35 Palace of the Lions
25:50 Hall of the Two Sisters
27:51 Courtyard of Lindaraja
30:42 Terrace with views of Granada
33:18 Courtyard of Lindaraja
33:36 Terrace with views of Granada
33:51 Garden of Dar Aisha
37:10 Dungeons
38:40 Garden of Dar Aisha
38:55 Outro
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