Flag smut of wheat
Yield of affected plants can be reduced but incidence of this disease is low. Wheat is the only host of the strain attacking it. Other strains of the fungus attack a number of grasses.
Long grey-black streaks with powdery black spores (which rub off easily) on leaves, leaf sheaths and occasionally stems.
Leaves often twisted and split lengthways.
Heads may fail to emerge or produce poor grain.
Infection occurs when spores either carried on the seed (seed-borne) or present in the soil (soil-borne) infect germinating wheat plants.
Spores of the fungus can survive in soil for up to seven years.
The disease is well-managed by fungicide seed dressing.

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