Kaliningrad (historically German: Königsberg), is the largest city of Kaliningrad Oblast, the westernmost region of Russia. The city is situated on the Pregolya River, at the head of the Vistula Lagoon on the Baltic Sea.
Kaliningrad was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement Twangste by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was named Königsberg in honor of Czech King Ottokar II of Bohemia.
A Baltic port city, it successively became the capital of the State of the Teutonic Order, the Duchy of Prussia (1525–1701) and East Prussia. Königsberg remained the coronation city of the Prussian monarchy, though the capital was moved to Berlin in 1701.
Königsberg was the easternmost large city in Germany until World War II. The city was heavily damaged by Allied bombing in 1944 and during the Battle of Königsberg in 1945; it was then captured by the Soviet Union on 9 April 1945. And later by results of The Potsdam Agreement of 1945 got under control of Soviet Union, renamed and since then belonging to Russia an exclave sandwiched between Lithuania and Poland.
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