On October 7, 2001, less than a month after the devastating September 11 terrorist attacks, the United States, along with its allies, launched Operation Enduring Freedom, marking the beginning of the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan and the start of the War in Afghanistan. The primary goal of the invasion was to dismantle Al-Qaeda, the terrorist group responsible for the 9/11 attacks, and to remove the Taliban regime, which had provided safe haven and support to Al-Qaeda and its leader, Osama bin Laden.
Key Points and Objectives:
Initial Strikes and Military Action: The U.S. began its military campaign with airstrikes targeting Taliban military positions, Al-Qaeda training camps, and communication networks across Afghanistan. This was followed by deploying ground forces, including special operations units.
Formation of the Northern Alliance: The U.S. partnered with the Afghan Northern Alliance, an opposition group to the Taliban, to overthrow the regime. This alliance was crucial in capturing key cities like Kabul and Kandahar.
Toppling the Taliban Government: By December 2001, the Taliban regime had largely collapsed, and a new interim Afghan government was established under the leadership of Hamid Karzai. However, the Taliban and Al-Qaeda remnants continued to engage in guerrilla warfare and insurgency operations, leading to prolonged conflict.
Long-Term Impact: The war became the longest military engagement in U.S. history, lasting nearly 20 years. The conflict saw shifts in strategy and troop deployments as the U.S. and its NATO allies attempted to stabilize the country, build local governance, and train Afghan security forces.
Osama bin Laden's Death: In May 2011, Osama bin Laden was killed by U.S. Navy SEALs during a raid in Abbottabad, Pakistan. While his death was a significant victory for the U.S., the Taliban insurgency continued in Afghanistan.
Withdrawal and Aftermath: The U.S. formally ended its combat mission in 2014 but maintained a presence to support Afghan security forces. The final withdrawal of U.S. troops was announced by President Joe Biden and completed on August 30, 2021, leading to the rapid collapse of the Afghan government and the return of the Taliban to power.
The War in Afghanistan had profound effects on regional and global geopolitics, U.S. foreign policy, and the lives of millions of Afghans. It has been a subject of extensive analysis, debate, and reflection regarding its objectives, execution, and consequences.
