Map-Dot-Fingerprint Dystrophy, also known as Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy (EBMD), is a common, usually non-progressive corneal condition that affects the front surface of the eye, known as the corneal epithelium. The name "map-dot-fingerprint" is derived from the distinct patterns that form on the corneal surface, which resemble maps, dots, or fingerprint-like lines. These abnormal formations occur due to irregularities in the basement membrane, the layer of tissue beneath the corneal epithelium that helps regenerate and anchor the outermost layer of the cornea. When the basement membrane thickens or becomes uneven, the corneal epithelium cannot properly adhere to it, leading to the characteristic patterns seen in EBMD.

The exact cause of EBMD is not fully understood, but it is often associated with genetic factors or previous corneal injuries that affect the regeneration of the epithelial cells. While the condition can develop spontaneously, it is also commonly found in individuals with a family history of corneal dystrophies. EBMD is more common in adults over the age of 40 but can occur in younger individuals as well.

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