The Origins and Evolution of Stickfighting in Trinidad
Stickfighting, a ritual dance with roots in African martial arts, has a rich history in Trinidad dating back to the 17th century. Enslaved Africans brought this tradition with them, and it evolved into a unique form of expression and entertainment.
During the slavery era, stickfighting was a means for men to settle disputes and demonstrate strength and agility. The wooden sticks used, typically made from the yellow poui tree, were approximately three and a half to four feet long and one inch in diameter.
After emancipation in 1834, stickfighting became an integral part of Trinidad's carnival celebrations, known as Kalenda. This term, derived from African, Spanish, French, and Hindi influences, refers to the stickfighting tradition and its accompanying music, dance, and costumes.
Kalenda performances, which emerged around 1860, featured competing bands, singing, dancing, and stickfighting to the rhythm of drums. The songs, often rebellious and warlike, served as an outlet for emotions and tensions stemming from slavery.
The stickfighting tradition is characterized by elaborate costumes, adorned with colored satin, beads, swansdown, and tiny mirrors. These mirrors symbolize awareness and protection, while the chest mirror holds historical significance, representing protection of the heart or insight into one's soul.
Despite being banned in 1880 due to its violent nature, stickfighting continued to play a significant role in Trinidad's cultural heritage. During the Canboulay Riots in 1881, kalinda fighters defended the people's right to celebrate carnival against colonial rule.
Today, stickfighting is practiced as a controlled dance form, with competitions taking place throughout Trinidad. Its African roots remain evident, and it has become an integral part of the island's carnival celebrations.
