Orșova

Orșova (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈorʃova]; German: Orschowa, Hungarian: Orsova, Serbian: Оршава/Oršava, Bulgarian: Орсово, Polish: Orszawa, Czech: Oršava, Turkish: Adakale) is a port city on the Danube river in southwestern Romania's Mehedinți County. It is one of four localities in the county located in the Banat historical region. It is situated just above the Iron Gates, on the spot where the Cerna River meets the Danube.
At the 2011 census, 95.2% of inhabitants were Romanians, 1.3% Czechs, 1% Roma, 0.9% Germans, 0.7% Serbs and 0.5% Hungarians.
The locality was the site of a Roman port in Dacia Malvensis, and the site of a castrum named Dierna.
In 1925, a confusion by the scholar Nándor Fettich misplaced the important Magyar burial site discovered at Cheglevici into the Orșova region. Later, the location of that discovery, testifying to the presence of the Magyars since the early 10th century, was clarified for the archeological community.[5]
King Ladislaus I of Hungary decisively defeated the Cumans near Orșova in 1091.
It was a major border fortification in the Middle Ages.
The city was captured by Suleiman the Magnificent in 1522.
Orșova became part of the Habsburg monarchy in 1687 at the start of an Ottoman-Habsburg War, but Ottoman forces recaptured it in 1690. The Treaty of Passarowitz gave the city back to the Kingdom of Hungary in 1718. Treaty of Belgrade gave the city back to the Ottoman Empire in 1739. Finally, The Treaty of Sistova gave the city back to the Kingdom of Hungary in 1791. The city remained in Hungary until the end of World War I, when it became part of Romania. It was included in the Mehedinți county during the administrative reform of 1968.
The Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen was buried near Orșova from 1848 till 1853.
During the works at the Iron Gates, the old center of the town was flooded and Orșova was developed (1966–1971) on higher ground, including the southern side of the Almăj Mountains and the villages of Jupalnic, Tufari, and Coramnic. Also flooded then was the neighboring Ada Kaleh, with the scattering of the mostly Turkish community of the Danube island. Ada Kaleh and its inhabitants, as well as the ancient city, are still present in the memory of its surviving locals.

Saint Anna Monastery
This monastery has a special history, being founded by the well-known inter-war journalist Pamfil Șeicaru, who fought in the area of Orșova, in the capacity of young sub-lieutenant of the Regiment 17 Infantry in the First World War.

The thing which determined him to build up a monastery is an experience which happened in the years of the war, experience which profoundly marked him. In the fall of the year 1916, right on Dealul Moșului, the journalist was covered with ground, together with his companion-in-arms from the weapons, Petre Găvănescu, of the explosion of a cannot shot at a very small distance from them.

Both of them survived this events, and Șeicaru promised to built up in this place, when they will have the material possibilities, a monastery, as a sign of gratefulness, but also in the memory of all the heroes who fell for a Greater Romania, as he himself wrote in the act of donation of the monastery towards the Metropolitan of Oltenia, document notified at Munich on the date of the 24th of March 1975.

The Saint Anna Monastery was built between the years 1936 and 1939, period in which Șeicaru was the director of the magazine Curentul and depute in the Parliament of Romania. The monastery, which was going to bear the titular saint of Saint Anna, according to the name of the mother of its founder, wasn’t consecrated immediately after the ending of the construction works.
The consecration of the establishment of nuns was delayed later on by the debut of the Second World War and, later on, by the change of the political regime.
The foundation of Pamfil Șeicaru, in the memory of the heroes fallen in the First World War, functioned until the year 1945, when, together with the coming of the communists, was transformed into a restaurant. The sanctums of the nuns were transformed in places of accommodation, and the church functioned, besides the restaurant and a discotheque.
In the year 1990, Saint Anna Monastery was taken over by the lawful owner, also being given the purpose for which it was made. Therefore, only on the date of the 2nd of December 1990, the monastery was consecrated by the bishop Damaschin Severineanul, vicar of the Metropolitan of Oltenia, helped by a synod of local priests.

The initial monastic complex was formed of a wooden church, with elements of traditional Romanian style, and sanctums on both the parts, the ensemble having the shape of the letter U.

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