-- TEST POSITION(S) --
► Supine with shoulder abducted to 90° and the elbow is flexed to 90°. Keep the weight of the humerus supported by the table or a towel.
► Alternative position - Sitting with elbow flexed to 90° while keeping the elbow at the side (adducted). Keep the forearm in a neutral position.
-- GONIOMETER ALIGNMENT --
► Position #1 (supine)
▷ Axis: Olecranon process of the ulna
▷ Stationary arm: Perpendicular to the floor
▷ Moving arm: Align with the ulna, pointing toward the ulnar styloid process.
► Position #2 (seated)
▷ Axis: Under olecranon process
▷ Stationary arm: Perpendicular to the trunk
▷ Moving arm: Align with the ulna, pointing toward the ulnar styloid process.
-- NORMAL RANGE AND END FEEL --
► ROM: 0° to 90°
► End feel: Firm (Tissue stretch)
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* REFERENCES *
Clarkson HM. Musculoskeletal Assessment: Joint Motion and Muscle Testing. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health; 2013.
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* This is not medical advice *
This content is intended as educational material for healthcare professionals and healthcare students. Patients should seek medical advice from a healthcare professional.
Goniometry | Shoulder External Rotation Range of Motion
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