Telling the dog to "come by" means go left or clockwise. "Away" means go right or anti-clockwise. I have the sheep in the middle of a round pen and I have the dog on the outside of the pen.
A dogs natural instinct is to stay opposite you so that he balances the sheep to you. You then use this instinct to teach the command. So as you walk around the pen he will walk away from you in that same direction. If I walk left he will continue to go left until he balances me so as I walk left I say "come by" as he goes left. I then change direction and say "away" when he also changes direction. After a lot of repetition the dog picks up left and right.

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