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00:04:32 1 History of the concepts
00:09:31 1.1 Middle Ages and Renaissance
00:13:50 2 Perspectives
00:14:44 2.1 Incompatibility
00:19:33 2.1.1 Criticism
00:22:27 2.1.2 Conflict thesis
00:28:29 2.2 Independence
00:31:42 2.2.1 Parallels in method
00:33:45 2.3 Dialogue
00:37:24 2.4 Integration
00:39:35 3 Bahá'í
00:40:16 4 Buddhism
00:41:54 5 Christianity
00:48:29 5.1 Perspectives on evolution
00:51:41 5.2 Reconciliation in Britain in the early 20th century
00:53:08 5.3 Roman Catholicism
00:55:01 5.4 Influence of a biblical world view on early modern science
01:04:06 6 Confucianism and traditional Chinese religion
01:06:05 7 Hinduism
01:12:13 8 Islam
01:15:22 8.1 Ahmadiyya
01:16:55 9 Jainism
01:19:23 10 Perspectives from the scientific community
01:19:34 10.1 History
01:22:47 10.2 Studies on scientists' beliefs
01:37:43 10.3 Overall summary
01:38:18 11 Public perceptions of science



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"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
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Various aspects of the relationship between religion and science have been cited by modern historians of science and religion, philosophers, theologians, scientists, and others from various geographical regions and cultures. Even though the ancient and medieval worlds did not have conceptions resembling the modern understandings of "science" and "religion", certain elements of these modern ideas are found throughout history. It was in the 19th century when the phrases "religion and science" or "science and religion" first emerged in literature. This coincided with the refining of "science", from the studies of "natural philosophy", and "religion" as distinct concepts in the last few centuries partly due to professionalization of the sciences, the Protestant Reformation, colonization, and globalization. Since then, many have characterized the relationship as either conflict, harmony, complexity, or mutual independence.
Both science and religion are complex social and cultural endeavors that vary across cultures and have changed over time. Most scientific and technical innovations prior to the scientific revolution were achieved by societies organized by religious traditions. Elements of the scientific method were pioneered by ancient pagan, Islamic, and Christian scholars. Roger Bacon, who is often credited with formalizing the scientific method, was a Franciscan friar. Hinduism has historically embraced reason and empiricism, holding that science brings legitimate, but incomplete knowledge of the world and universe. Confucian thought has held different views of science over time. Most Buddhists today view science as complementary to their beliefs. While the classification of the material world by the ancient Indians and Greeks into air, earth, fire and water was more philosophical, medieval Middle Easterns used practical and experimental observation to classify materials.Events in Europe such as the Galileo affair, associated with the scientific revolution and the Age of Enlightenment, led scholars such as John William Draper to postulate a conflict thesis, holding that religion and science have been in conflict methodologically, factually and politically throughout history. This thesis is held by some contemporary scientists such as Richard Dawkins, Lawrence Krauss, Peter Atkins, and Donald Prothero. The conflict thesis has lost favor among most contemporary historians of science.Many scientists, philosophers, and theologians throughout history, such as Francisco Ayala, Kenneth R. Miller and Francis Collins, have seen compatibility or independence between religion and science. Biologist Stephen Jay Gould, other scientists, and some contemporary theologians hold that religion and science are non-overlapping magisteria, addressing fundamentally separate forms of knowledg ...

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