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Caste System
Traces in Literature
Purusha-sukta, Rig Veda.
Varna-Ashrama
Varna = Color
“The Bramha was his mouth, the Kshtriya was his arms, the Vaishya was his thighs, the Shudra Sprang from his feet”
• Varnashrama is the idealised four part division of the society into;
1. Brahmins
2. Kshatriyas
3. Vaishyas
4. Shudras
It is important to note that the first three varnas, i.e Brahmins, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas are called the “twice-born,” meaning they are allowed to read or study the Vedas.
Hence, from this we can clearly understand the hierarchies which existed socially, economically, politically, culturally, etc.
Shudras were commonly known by other names such as;
Dalits
Avarnas
Chandals
Panchamas, etc.
Their designed work; Leatherwork, Cleaning waste, Serving other classes, etc.
Understanding Phule’s Contributions
• In 1848, Phule began his work as India’s one of the first social reformers who challenged the prevalent orthodoxy and rigidity of the caste system in India.
• He challenged the varna-system as well as the Aryan Theory.
• Aryans were the invaders, they came from outside the subcontinent (from somewhere near Iran) and subjugated the true children of the soil, i.e the indigenous people of the land.
• Phule argued before the invasion of the Aryans, there existed peace and harmony in the land where people of the soil tilled the land and ruled in a just manner.
As a result, Jytotiba Phule was known as Mahatma Jyotirao Govindrao Phule.
Satyashodak Samaj:
• He formed “Satyashodak Samaj,” or Society of the Seekers of Truth.
• It was open to people from all religions and castes and classes. The society worked for the upliftment of the people belonging to the lower castes who were marginalised and exploited and also worked for upliftment of women.
• The society opposed idolatry, the need of priests and the supremacy of the priest-hood.
• The message propagated through the society was the idea of well-being, unity, equality, non-discrimination, happiness, respect, etc.
• He advocated for education for all, including women.
• Some of the names of his works are;
Tritiya Ratna, 1855
Brahmananche Kasab, 1869
Gulamgiri, 1873
Cultivator's Whipcord, 1881
Satsar Ank 1, 1885
Satsar Ank 2 1885
Ishara, October 1885
Ambedkar quotes, “ We now want to go to the Tank only to prove that like others, we are also human beings ... Hindu society should be reorganised on two main principles – equality and absence of casteism.”
Chapters:
0:00 Modern Indian Thinkers - Jyotirao Phule
0:39 Caste System
4:07 Phule’s Contributions
6:09 Satyashodak Samaj
7:18 Works of Jyotirao Phule
8:12 MCQ about Jyotirao Phule
#Jyotirao-Phule #Caste-System #Satyashodak-Samaj #Philosophy #ugcnet #doorsteptutor #examrace
