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#Dlium Serai wangi or citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) is a plant species in Poaceae, perennial, growing in clumps, up to 2 meters tall, has many fibrous roots, very well-known as a spice in Asian cuisine, herbal teas, citronella oil and pharmaceutical ingredients.
C. nardus has large fibrous roots, short rhizomes and radiates scent. Stems erect or tilted, clustered, bulbous, soft, hollow, green to purplish red and whitish hair. The contents of the stem are tubers and are yellowish white or purplish or reddish white.
Ribbon-shaped leaves, thin as paper, curved like grass with a length of up to 1 meter and a width of 1-2 cm, getting to the tip more pointed, green, a large linear bone in the middle, rough surface, hair, sharp margins and smell citrus if squeezed.
Flower stalks have a height of up to 2 meters, red covered with protective leaves and usually white. The protective leaves metamorphose into sterile and fertile glums. The fruit is grain shaped, red, elongated, flat ventral dorso and half the seed embryo.
Citronella grass grows wild in the tropics and requires a lot of sun at an altitude of 200-1200 m with an ideal 250-600 m, temperatures 23-30C, rainfall 1000-1500 mm/year with a dry season 4-6 months, distribution of rain 10 months and soil pH 6.0-7.5.
This plant is very popular as a spice in Asian cuisine, but can also be brewed into an herbal tea with a distinctive lemon aroma. Citronella oil has anti-mosquito, anti-fungal, antibacterial, larvicidal, anti-inflammatory, aromatic, antipyretic, fever and headache relief, antispasmodic and cleansing agents. Leaves are also a source of cellulose for making paper and cardboard.
The distinctive aroma of lemongrass is the property of citronellal which dominates the metabolome. Essential oil can also inhibit the growth of various Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens in humans including Acinetobacter baumanii, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations of 1200 µg/ml up to 20000 µg/ml.
Citronellal (3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-al) is an active compound to repel mosquitoes. Other active compounds which are also responsible for this property are citronellol, α-pinene and limonene.
Citral can also be used as a precursor for the synthesis of B-ionine which is used in the synthesis of other aromatic compounds, vitamin A, vitamin E, carotenoids and other pharmaceutical products.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Tribe: Andropogoneae
Genus: Cymbopogon
Species: Cymbopogon nardus
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Location: Cangkringan, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium
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