Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation And Wildlife Resources Class 8 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 2
Land:

The land is an important natural resource that covers only 30 percent of the earth’s surface.
Land provides most of the human needs. Its use depends on physical factors such as topography, soil, climate, mineral and availability of water, and human factors.
Due to the excessive use of land for agricultural and constructional activities, the major problem of land degradation, landslides, soil erosion, etc. arises.
To conserve the land, we must promote afforestation, check to overgraze, and regulate the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers.
Soil:

The upper layer of the land’s surface is called soil.
Soil formation depends on the nature of parent rock, climate, relief features, flora, fauna, microorganisms, and time.
Deforestation, overgrazing, overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, rain wash, landslides and floods lead to soil degradation.
Conservation of soil can be done by mulching, contour barriers, constructing rock dam, terrace farming, intercropping, contour plowing, and making shelterbelts.

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