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Nicosia, Cyprus is called the last divided capital of Europe. Why is it divided? Its kind of complicated ad involves over 500 years of Cypriot history!

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This is the city of Nicosia …

It is the largest city, the capital, and seat of the government of Cyprus.

It is also the southeasternmost of all EU member states' capitals at a distance; 2901km southwest from Brussels. This is roughly the same distance as to Ethiopia's capital Addis Ababa which is 2960km south.

There is also a town in Sicily in Southern Italy with the same name. Meaning that the distance between Nicosia and Nicosia is 1,718 km.

As of 2020 the population is roughly around 200’000 people

The people of Cyprus are broadly divided into two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, who share many cultural traits but maintain distinct identities based on ethnicity, religion, language, and close ties with their respective motherlands.

THough Cyprus as a whole is a rather multi-ethnic place with people from all over the world.

Cyprus and Nicosia also happen to have a very rich history.

Indeed, very few places in the world have had such a long continuity of historic background with Hellenic people inhabiting the region for 1000’s of years never having been displaced.

The remains of the oldest known pet cat were found buried with its master. Archeologists estimate the remains to be dating back about 9,500 years.

Some of the world’s oldest water wells can also be found, estimated that they have been around for about 10,500 years.

The world’s oldest wine label belongs to Cyprus. “Commandaria” is recognized as the world’s oldest named wine dating back 5000 years.

The oldest and most impressive remnants of Nicosian history would be the Selimiye Mosque Historically known as the Cathedral of Saint Sophia.

according to sources, it "may have been the largest church built in the Eastern Mediterranean at the time. Initially It served as a Roman Catholic cathedral and was converted into a mosque in 1570 with the start of Ottoman rule in the region.

Next most impressive remnant of history you can still see would be the Venetian Walls, the construction of which started in 1567 prompted by fears of a possible and eventually realized Ottoman invasion as The Venetians never managed to finish the walls in time.

However what arguably defines Nicosia the most today is the “cease-fire zone” running through the middle of the city known as the Green Line.

Where modern shops and restaurants end suddenly with barbed wire.

The course of this line through Nicosia corresponds to the natural path of Pedeios River but the line separates much more than just the city. The line is drawn to divide the whole island of Cyprus.

This in-between zone, a no man's land slices the city in two dividing it between the Greek Cypriot and the Turkish Cypriot populations. Creating a de facto two state system in
The nation.

Northern part belongs to The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a state recognized only by Turkey, considered as occupied territory by the international community and officially a part of the Republic of Cyprus.

And south of this border is the Republic of Cyprus with a majority Greek-Cypriot population.

A fascinating example of how the country has been split can be seen at the location of the old Nicosia airport which is now mainly used as the headquarters of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force.

The airport was the scene of some of the heaviest fighting between Cypriot and Turkish forces and so was turned into a part of the demilitarised zone.

To this day Nicosia as a capital has no airport.

a new airport in Larnaca was opened in 1975, while Northern Cyprus established Ercan International Airport in 2004.

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