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Are you wondering what the heck serial communication is?

Maybe you have been using some functions from the Arduino Serial library, like Serial.begin() and Serial.print()
and they leave you wondering more about this serial communication thing – I mean, how does it actually work!?

In this lesson you will learn:

What is “serial communication”?
What is a USART anyway?
The nitty gritty of basic serial communication
The different roles of start bits, data frames, parity bits, and stop bits
What the heck baud rate it – and why it is SO crucial
The (lack of) significance of the baud rate 9600
DON’T GET SCARED!
OK – before we start, I want to warn you that this lesson is filled with technical terms, probably like 572 of them!

I know when you’re new to electronics, all this crazy sounding jargon can be confusing, and you might think it will all be way over your head.

And it might be all “over your head” for a while (it still might be over my head 😉 – but as you get more familiar with these terms, and see them used and explained in different ways, over time all the crazy stuff will start to sink in.

I’ll try to explain all the jargon along the way as best as I can, but just in case you miss something… here is a chart listing all the terms used here:

(see chart her! - [ Ссылка ])
TERM DESCRIPTION
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
USART Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
SPI Serial Peripheral Interface
I2C Inter-Integrated Circuit
ATMEGA328P Microcontroller The primary microcontroller used On Arduino UNO and MEGA – has built-in UART
ATmega16U2 Microcontroller A microcontroller used on the Arduino UNO and MEGA that has a built in USART. This microcontroller is used as a USB to serial converter.
RX Receive. Often, the connection designated to receive a signal is marked with RX.
TX Transmit. Often, the connection designated to transmit a signal is marked with TX.
USB Universal Serial Bus
TTL Transistor-transistor logic
ASCII American Standard Code For Information Interchange
WHAT THE HECK IS SERIAL COMMUNICATION?
In a nutshell, serial communication is a method of sending and receiving information one bit at a time.

Serial communication takes many different forms, we will only discuss one of them in detail here.

Just like there are many ways to communicate from one person to another, there are many ways to serially communicate from one device to another.

Probably the most familiar method of serial communication is over USB. If you didn’t know, USB stands for Universal Serial Bus.

USB is a serial communication protocol. A protocol is just a way of doing something. Maybe you have a protocol for what to do if you can’t find your phone…

Curse a couple times
Mentally walk through the places it could be
Look in the last room you were in
Blame the kids for losing your phone
Look on the bathroom shelf
Get one of your family members to call you, so you can hear it ring in the basement, buried in the laundry basket
USB is but one of many serial communication protocols that your Arduino can use. It’s also able to communicate using these common protocols…

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)
and “TTL serial” using a USART
This last method which uses a USART is by far the simplest method of serial communication and what we’ll use as the starting point for a fundamental understanding of how serial communication works.

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