Cologne has an extensive system of light rail, both street level and under ground. Some lines have high floor vehicles and platforms, but the lines that evolved from tram routes use low floor trams (Bombardier Flexity Swift). Some of the underground tunnels were originally intended for heavy metro, so the low floor trams stop at dropped-down sections in high level platforms. Ramps and lifts are provided so this adaptation is more successful than in some other cities (e.g. Brussels, where wheelchair users and others are confronted with steps). It is not clear whether the up-grade to heavy metro will ever happen, or indeed is necessary.

The term "U-bahn" is used on maps and publicity for both street and subway lines without distinction. The U in this part of Germany stands for unabhängig meaning independent from other traffic, not necessarily underground.

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