Film Scoring 101 - Atonality and Clusters

Atonality in its broadest sense is music that lacks a tonal center, or key. Atonality usually describes compositions written from about 1908 to the present day where a hierarchy of pitches focusing on a single, central tone is not used, and the notes of the chromatic scale function independently of one another
The first phase, known as "free atonality" or "free chromaticism", involved a conscious attempt to avoid traditional diatonic harmony. Works of this period include the opera Wozzeck (1917–1922) by Alban Berg and Pierrot Lunaire (1912) by Schoenberg.
A tone cluster is a musical chord comprising at least three adjacent tones in a scale. tone clusters are based on the chromatic scale and are separated by semitones. For instance, three adjacent piano keys (such as C, C♯, and D) struck simultaneously produce a tone cluster. Diatonic and pentatonic stacks are referred to as "tone clusters" only when they consist of four or more successive notes in the scale. In standard Western classical music practice, all tone clusters are classifiable as secundal chords—that is, they are constructed from minor seconds (intervals of one semitone), major seconds (intervals of two semitones)

An Atonal cluster is a musical chord comprising at least three adjacent tones in a scale. tone clusters are based on the chromatic scale and are separated by semitones. For instance, three adjacent piano keys (such as C, C♯, and D) struck simultaneously produce a tone cluster. I also have another category that I refer to open atonal clusters. This is where Tonal and Atonal clusters are spread into open position by combining minor and major 2nds, minor and major M7ths and minor and Major 9ths. An open tonal cluster would be a voicing like C D E where all the notes are M2 intervals separated by octaves. An atonal cluster would be a voicing like C C# B Bb.


Examples of pieces with Clusters:

Henry Cowell - The Tides of Manaunaun

1917 Premiere Opening bars of The Tides of Manuanuan, showing thirteen-note tone clusters. Massive clusters of 25 notes or more, to be played with the left forearm, occur later.

Bela Bartok - Piano Sonata 1926

Messiaen "The Transfiguration of Our Lord Jesus Christ") is a work written between 1965 and 1969 by Olivier Messiaen. It is based on the account found in the synoptic gospels of Jesus' transfiguration. The writing is on a very large scale; the work requires around 200 performers. The forces required include a mixed choir, seven instrumental soloists and a large orchestra. It is scored for a mixed choir (10 voices per part), 7 instrumental soloists and a very large orchestra.

Charles Ives - Piano Sonata No.2 also called “The Concord Sonata”

Examples of Atonality:

Béla Bartók

Three Etudes for Piano, op. 18
First Sonata for Violin and Piano (1921)
Second Sonata for Violin and Piano (1922)
Alban Berg
Lulu[
Wozzeck
Chamber Concerto

Elliot Carter

String Quartet No. 1 (1950)

Arnold Schoenberg

George Lieder [The Book of the Hanging Gardens] (1909), Op. 15/1
Erwartung (1909), Op. 17
String Quartet No. 2 (1907), Op. 10, last movement
Five Pieces for Orchestra (Fünf Orchesterstücke) (1909), Op. 16
Pierrot Lunaire (1912), Op. 21
Drei Klavierstücke (1909), Op. 11
Four Orchestral Songs (1916), Op. 22
Sechs kleine Klavierstücke (1913), op. 19
Five Pieces for Piano, op.23

Igor Stravinsky

The Rite of Spring (1913)

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