30 Year Submarine program: A flop show
Back In the year 1999, a 30-year programme was approved to build 24 conventional submarines by 2030 in two phases. In Phase-I, the plan was to execute two simultaneous programmes to build six submarines each under P75 and P75I via two separate production lines. These 12 submarines were supposed to be acquired by 2012. However, even after 10 years of delay only 4 Kalvari class Submarines under project 75 have been inducted into the service and 2 more undergoing sea trials and will join the fleet between 2022-23.
In phase 2, the plan was to build 12 indigenous submarines based on lessons learned from phase 1. But the plan never came to fruition. Even the requirement of 24 conventional submarines were further trimmed down to 18 citing the budget constraint.
Latest progress on Project-75I
The Defence Secretary Ajay Kumar speaking to the financial express has informed that the government is taking P75I forward and government is also taking strategic partnership forward. This is the first time that MoD is going ahead with the strategic partnership model at such a large scale. This model is quite complex as it has several connotations where three parties are involved which includes Indian strategic partners, the foreign OEMs and the Services. It is a different kind of process compared to what MoD have followed in the past. As the defence secretary the processes is moving forward. Certain agreements and clauses are required to be tweaked to be able to adjust to such unique situation and those are under discussion, and we expect to finalize it very shortly.
India’s submarine development know-how
If we look at the India’s submarine development history, the country has been able to indigenously build conventional & nuclear-propelled submarines. However, the submarine designing is the area where it needs assistance from foreign OEMs.
A multi-disciplinary design team was trained for almost two years in Germany to acquire knowledge of HDW submarine design with access to relevant software, design data, empirical formulae, linked values of design coefficients and were considered capable of designing a conventional submarine. This team now forms the backbone of Submarine Design Group (SDG) - a premier organisation of the Indian Navy. MDL & L&T has also gained significant knowledge in submarine construction under Project 75 in collaboration with French Naval group.
Issues with strategic partnership
The strategic partnership route has always been a failure and the best example is Indian Navy’s requirement for 111 NUH.
Considering the issues with Project-75I where 3 of the foreign OEMs including Germany, Russia and France has pulled out of the competition, India must make conventional submarines by Collaborating between Directorate of Naval Design, MDL, L&T, DRDO and other major public and private companies and MSMEs that are working on India’s submarine projects. India should take consultancy from friendly countries like France as and when needed. In interim, the follow-on order for 3 Scorpene class submarine with or without DRDO’s AIP system must be placed by Indian Navy because the MDL submarine construction pipeline is almost idle and IN is in dire need of more submarines.
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