Nuremberg Trial is the name used to denote two distinct groups of trials to the Nazis involved in World War II and the Shoah. The trials were held in the Palace of Justice in the German city of Nuremberg from 20 November 1945 to 1 October 1946 (the city was, together with Berlin and Munich, one of the symbolic cities of the Nazi regime). The first and most famous of these trials was the Principal War Criminal Trial before the International Military Tribunal (IMT), which found twenty-four of the most important Nazi leaders captured or still believed to be alive. The second group of trials was for lower war criminals, held under Law No. 10 of the Control Council by the Nuremberg Military Tribunal (NMT), and also included the famous Doctors Trial. This entry mainly deals with the processes of the first group. For the processes of the second group, see the heading Nuremberg secondary processes. The decision to put the main Axis exponents on trial was made even before the end of the war. The third tripartite conference in Moscow was held in Moscow from 18 October to 11 November 1943, with the presence of the three alliance foreign ministers, Cordell Hull, Anthony Eden and Vjačeslav Michajlovič Molotov. As Churchill wrote in his memoirs, "the killing of Mussolini spared us an Italian Nuremberg". At the end of the meeting a document was drawn up in which the three coalition leaders, Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Stalin, committed themselves at the end of the war to ensure that Nazi criminals were tried according to the laws of the country in the which crimes had been committed. In the subsequent Tehran Conference, from November 28 to December 1 of the same year, the concept of national crime was extended to a wider level and the concept of national punishment was exceeded.

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