#Ancient civilization#
The Temple of Artemis - Ephesus, Turkey.
#Landscape universe#.
The Temple of Artemis or Artemision also known as the Temple of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to an ancient, local form of the goddess Artemis (identified with Diana, a Roman goddess). It was located in Ephesus (near the modern town of Selçuk in present-day Turkey). By 401 AD it had been ruined or destroyed. Only foundations and fragments of the last temple remain at the site.

The earliest version of the temple (a Bronze Age temenos) antedated the Ionic immigration by many years. Callimachus, in his Hymn to Artemis, attributed it to the Amazons. In the 7th century BC, it was destroyed by a flood. Its reconstruction, in more grandiose form, began around 550 BC, under Chersiphron, the Cretan architect, and his son Metagenes. The project was funded by Croesus of Lydia, and took 10 years to complete. This version of the temple was destroyed in 356 BC by Herostratus in an act of arson.

The next, greatest, and last form of the temple, funded by the Ephesians themselves, is described in Antipater of Sidon's list of the world's Seven Wonders:

I have set eyes on the wall of lofty Babylon on which is a road for chariots, and the statue of Zeus by the Alpheus, and the hanging gardens, and the colossus of the Sun, and the huge labour of the high pyramids, and the vast tomb of Mausolus; but when I saw the house of Artemis that mounted to the clouds, those other marvels lost their brilliancy, and I said, "Lo, apart from Olympus, the Sun never looked on aught so grand".

The Temple of Artemis (Artemision) was located near the ancient city of Ephesus, about 75 kilometres (47 mi) south from the modern port city of İzmir, in Turkey. Today the site lies on the edge of the modern town of Selçuk.

The sacred site (temenos) at Ephesus was far older than the Artemision itself. Pausanias was certain that it antedated the Ionic immigration by many years, being older even than the oracular shrine of Apollo at Didyma.He said that the pre-Ionic inhabitants of the city were Leleges and Lydians. Callimachus, in his Hymn to Artemis attributed the earliest temenos at Ephesus to the Amazons, legendary warrior-women whose religious practise he imagined already centered upon an image (bretas) of Artemis, their matron goddess. Pausanias believed that the temple pre-dated the Amazons.

Pausanias's estimation of the site's antiquity seems well-founded. Before World War I, site excavations by David George Hogarth seemed to identify three successive temple buildings. Re-excavations in 1987–88 and re-appraisal of Hogarth's account confirmed that the site was occupied as early as the Bronze Age, with a sequence of pottery finds that extend forward to Middle Geometric times, when a peripteral temple with a floor of hard-packed clay was constructed in the second half of the 8th century BC. The peripteral temple at Ephesus offers the earliest example of a peripteral type on the coast of Asia Minor, and perhaps the earliest Greek temple surrounded by colonnades anywhere.

In the 7th century BC, a flood destroyed the temple, depositing over half a meter of sand and flotsam over the original clay floor. Among the flood debris were the remains of a carved ivory plaque of a griffin and the Tree of Life, apparently North Syrian, and some drilled tear-shaped amber drops of elliptical cross-section. These probably once dressed a wooden effigy (xoanon) of the Lady of Ephesus, which must have been destroyed or recovered from the flood. Bammer notes that though the site was prone to flooding, and raised by silt deposits about two metres between the 8th and 6th centuries, and a further 2.4 m between the sixth and the fourth, its continued use "indicates that maintaining the identity of the actual location played an important role in the sacred organization".

আর্টেমিসের মন্দির (ইংরেজি: Temple of Artemis), যা ডায়নার মন্দির নামেও পরিচিত, একটি গ্রিক মন্দির যা নির্মাণ করা হয়েছিল খ্রীস্টপূর্ব ৫৫০ অব্দে এফিয়াস (বর্তমান তুরস্ক) অঞ্চলে। ৩৫৬ খ্রিস্ট-পূর্বাব্দে এক ভয়াবহ অগিকান্ডে এই মন্দিরটি ধ্বংস হয়ে যায়।



আর্টেমিসের মন্দির প্রাচীন এফিয়াস শহরে (বর্তমান তুরস্কের বন্দর নগরী ইজমির থেকে ৫০ কিমি দক্ষিণে) অবস্থিত।


মন্দিরটি ৩৭৭ ফুট লম্বা ও ১৮০ ফুট চওড়া। পুরোটাই মার্বেল পাথরের তৈরি। এতে ১২৭ টি স্তম্ভ আছে প্রত্যেকটি ৬০ ফুট উচ্চতা বিশিষ্ট। প্রতি দেয়াল জুড়ে বসানো ছিল মণি, মুক্তা, রুবি, পান্না আর হীরক খন্ডের মত মহামূল্যবান রত্নরাজি। প্রবেশ পথের দু'ধারে বসানো হয়েছিল ডায়ানার মূর্তি।এটির ধ্বংসাবশেষ এখনও তুরস্কে পাওয়া যায়।

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