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Fetal Circulation | Embryology | Dr Najeeb

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▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Contents of this video ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬


(0:00-1:45)
1-Normal Fetal Circulation, 2-Changes in Fetal Circulation postnatally, 3- Post-Natal Components/Remnants.

(1:49-8:03)
1-Normal Fetal Circulation: Umbilical veins carrying oxygenated blood to the fetus; into liver sinusoids and through the Ductus Venosus into Inferior Vena Cava (IVC); and then to the Left heart and rest of fetal circulation.

(9:22-12:48)
A mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in 1st mixing-Liver, through Hepatic Venous System into IVC, mixing with less oxygenated blood already present in IVC (2nd mixing), drainage into Right Atrium. Foramen Ovalle; shunting into Left Atrium, deoxygenated blood from Superior Vena Cava (SVC); mixing with oxygenated blood in Right Ventricle (3rd mixing).

(12:49-14:25)
The rationale for shunting of most of the oxygenated blood from Right to Left circulation while bypassing the lungs = non-developed lungs in fetus. 4th mixing in Left Ventricle.

(14:30-17:08)
Rt. Ventricle to Pulmonary artery. Aorta; Left Pulmonary Artery = Ductus Arteriosus; Rationale for the connection between the Pulmonary Arterial System and Aortic System; Non-functional lungs of the fetus.

(17:12-21:41)
The early part of Aorta (having oxygenated blood) to; Coronary, Cerebral Circulation. Deoxygenated blood is received by Aorta from pulmonary artery from Ductus Arteriosus (DA) from Superior Vena Cava (SVC) [5th mixing of blood].

(21:45-23:02)
Recap of blood circulation routes starting from Placenta through Umbilical Veins; Ductus Venosus in Liver; IVC to Rt. Atrium; Forman Ovalle; Lt Atrium, Lt Ventricle to Aorta. SVC to Rt Atrium to Pulmonary Arterial System; DA to Aorta; From Aorta final channel to Umbilical Arteries back into Placenta.

(23:05-29:20)
2-Changes in Fetal Circulation postnatally = Disconnection from placenta, expansion of lungs after birth; decreased resistance to blood flow in pulmonary circulation, start of oxygenation of blood in lungs, reversal of Ductus Arteriosus.

(29:22-35:45)
Blockage and then Reversal of Ductus Arteriosus (DA) shunt in detail & closure of Foramen Ovalle (FO): Mechanisms involved; O2, Bradykinin & Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).

(35:50-38:58)
Overall review of changes converting pre-natal circulatory pattern into post-natal pattern (adult pattern): 1,2-Contraction of Umbilical Veins after closure of Umbilical Arteries. 3-Ductus Venosus closure. 4-Pressure in Lt. Atrium Pressure in Rt. Atrium leading to Foramen Ovalle closure and its remnant Fossa Ovalis formation. 5-DA closure & reversal.

(40:00-43:35)
3-Remnants of Fetal Circulatory components: Ligamentum Teres (Umbilical Vein), Ligamentum Venosus (Ductus Venosus), Fossa Ovalis (Foramen Ovalle), Ligamentum Arteriosum (Ductus Arteriosus), Medial Umbilical Ligament, Internal Iliac Artery & Superior Vesical Artery (Umbilical Arteries).

(43:38-46:23)
Clinical co-relate: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA); Blood reversal from Aorta into Pulmonary System; Machine-like-murmur. Importance of drug Indomethacin in treating PDA.

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