European Bison are the largest surviving remnants of European megafauna. These amazing animals can change landscapes. Watch our video to learn more about them.

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Bison References:

(Balčiauskas, Kazlauskas and Balčiauskienė, 2016)
Balčiauskas, L., Kazlauskas, M. and Balčiauskienė, L., 2016. European bison: changes in species acceptance following plans for translocation. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 63(1).

(Bocherens et al., 2015)
Bocherens, H., Hofman-Kamińska, E., Drucker, D., Schmölcke, U. and Kowalczyk, R., 2015. European Bison as a Refugee Species? Evidence from Isotopic Data on Early Holocene Bison and Other Large Herbivores in Northern Europe. PLOS ONE, 10(2), p.e0115090.

(Cromsigt, Kemp, Rodriguez and Kivit, 2017)
Cromsigt, J., Kemp, Y., Rodriguez, E. and Kivit, H., 2017. Rewilding Europe's large grazer community: how functionally diverse are the diets of European bison, cattle, and horses?. Restoration Ecology, 26(5), pp.891-899.

(Kerley, Kowalczyk and Cromsigt, 2011)
Kerley, G., Kowalczyk, R. and Cromsigt, J., 2011. Conservation implications of the refugee species concept and the European bison: king of the forest or refugee in a marginal habitat?. Ecography, 35(6), pp.519-529.

(Kowalczyk et al., 2011)
Kowalczyk, R., Taberlet, P., Coissac, E., Valentini, A., Miquel, C., Kamiński, T. and Wójcik, J., 2011. Influence of management practices on large herbivore diet—Case of European bison in Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland). Forest Ecology and Management, 261(4), pp.821-828.

(Krasiński and Krasińska, 1992)
Krasiński, Z. and Krasińska, M., 1992. Bisoniana 110. Free ranging European bison in Borecka Forest. Acta Theriologica, 37, pp.301-317.

(Lord et al., 2019)
Lord, C., Wirebach, K., Tompkins, J., Bradshaw-Wilson, C. and Shaffer, C., 2019. Reintroduction of the European bison (Bison bonasus) in central-eastern Europe: a case study. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 34(8), pp.1628-1647.

(Massilani et al., 2016)
Massilani, D., Guimaraes, S., Brugal, J., Bennett, E., Tokarska, M., Arbogast, R., Baryshnikov, G., Boeskorov, G., Castel, J., Davydov, S., Madelaine, S., Putelat, O., Spasskaya, N., Uerpmann, H., Grange, T. and Geigl, E., 2016. Past climate changes, population dynamics and the origin of Bison in Europe. BMC Biology, 14(1).

(Mysterud et al., 2007)
Mysterud, A., Bartoń, K., Jędrzejewska, B., Krasiński, Z., Niedziałkowska, M., Kamler, J., Yoccoz, N. and Stenseth, N., 2007. Population ecology and conservation of endangered megafauna: the case of European bison in Bia?owie?a Primeval Forest, Poland. Animal Conservation, 10(1), pp.77-87.

(Tănăsescu, 2019)
Tănăsescu, M., 2019. Restorative ecological practice: The case of the European Bison in the Southern Carpathians, Romania. Geoforum, 105, pp.99-108.

(Vasile, 2018)
Vasile, M., 2018. The Vulnerable Bison: Practices and Meanings of Rewilding in the Romanian Carpathians. Conservation and Society, 16(3), p.217.

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