End-to-End Testing can appear to be a daunting task. However, any relay tester can perform successful end-to-end Tests with a basic a basic understanding of transmission line protection (or 21 impedance protection) along and some preparation before the testing is scheduled to begin.

The first video in our end-to-end testing series starts with an introduction to transmission line protection (also called impedance protection, 21-element protection, or line distance protection). A good understanding of basic line protection will go a long way towards understanding the different communication-assisted schemes typically used when end-to-end testing is performed.

This video expands on the descriptions found in The Relay Testing Handbook: Principles and Practice, Testing Line Distance Protective Relays (21), and End-to-End Testing. You can order any of these books in print or as digital pdf downloads at our store ([ Ссылка ]).

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