Delphi, in legend previously called Pytho, in ancient times was a sacred precinct in Greece, that served as the seat of Pythia, the major oracle who was consulted about important decisions throughout the ancient classical world. The oracle had origins in prehistory and it became international in character and also fostered sentiments of Greek nationality, even though the nation of Greece was centuries away from realization. The ancient Greeks considered the centre of the world to be in Delphi, marked by the stone monument known as the omphalos (navel). The sacred precinct of Ge or Gaia was in the region of Phocis, but its management had been taken away from the Phocians, who were trying to extort money from its visitors, and had been placed in the hands of an amphictyony, or committee of persons chosen mainly from Central Greece. According to the Suda, Delphi took its name from the Delphyne, the she-serpent (drakaina) who lived there and was killed by the god Apollo (in other accounts the serpent was the male serpent (drakon) Python).
The sacred precinct occupies a delineated region on the south-western slope of Mount Parnassus. It is now an extensive archaeological site, and since 1938 a part of Parnassos National Park. Adjacent to the sacred precinct is a small modern town of the same name. The precinct is recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in having had a great influence in the ancient world, as evidenced by the various monuments built there by most of the important ancient Greek city-states, demonstrating their fundamental Hellenic unity.
Somewhat apart and much deeper below the excavation site, beyond the Castalian Gorge, lies the sanctuary of Athena Pronaia, the "Athena before the temple". It is this site that is considered by archaeological travelers to be the actual cult site of the Oracle of Delphi.
The terrace used for the sanctuary of Athena Pronaia and modernly called "Marmaria" is 150 meters wide, but only 40 meters deep. All the buildings on it faced south, towards the valley. Under the oldest temple of the area, more than 200 clay figures of a female deity were found, who was worshipped here already in the 2nd millennium BC. In the 8th or 7th century, this sacred area was first enclosed with a neatly grouted quarry stone wall. The path from the Marmaria to the sanctuary of Apollo passed by the well-known Kastalian Spring, from which, according to ancient legend, drinking gave the gift of poetry.
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English title: A visit of the legendary sacred place of Delphi in ancient Greece | Trip to Athens, Greece 2022
#delphi #greece #athens
