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Josh Malihabadi’s real name was Shabir Hussain Khan. He was born on December 5, 1898, in the Malihabad area of Uttar Pradesh, India. He acquired his early education in Lucknow and passed the Senior Cambridge exams from St Peters College, Agra in 1924.

Josh was fluent in Urdu, Persian, Hindi, and English and his poetry collections include the Paighambar-e-Islam, Shula-o-Shabnum, Fikro-Nishat, Sumbul-o-Salasal, Maujood-o-Mufakir, Aroos Adab, Awaz Haq, and Dewan Josh. He also wrote prose and published works including Auraq Zareen and Muqallat Josh.

He is remembered by many as the greatest revolutionary poet of the pre-independence period. Some of his revolutionary poems were even broadcast on German radio during the Second World War.

Josh is reputed to have had a masterful command over Urdu and was quite strict about respecting the grammar and rules of the language.

In 1925, Josh began to supervise translation work at Osmania University, in the princely state of Hyderabad from where he was exiled for writing a nazm against the Nizam of Hyderabad.

Soon thereafter, he founded the magazine, Kaleem (meaning: interlocutor), in which he openly wrote articles in favor of independence from the British Raj in India. As his reputation spread, he came to be called Shaayar-e-Inquilaab (Poet of the Revolution).

Josh wrote poetry on wine and nature, elegiac verse, quatrains, film songs, an epic poem on Genesis, as well as an impassioned and outspoken autobiography, Yaadon ki Baaraat (‘A Cavalcade of Memories’).

Poets remember Josh as a ‘man who was an institution in himself. Professor Sahar Ansari, poet, and scholar, said,

Josh migrated to Pakistan in 1956. He first stayed in Karachi and rigorously worked for Anjuman-i-Tarraqi-i-Urdu with Maulvi Abdul Haq. Later he moved to Islamabad and stayed there until he died on February 22, 1982, in Islamabad. During this period Faiz Ahmad Faiz and Syed Fakhruddin Balley both were the closest companions while his son Sajjad Hyder Kharosh also accompanied Josh.


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