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java provides built-in classes for parsing urls that can help you extract various components like the protocol, host, port, path, query, and fragment. this tutorial will guide you through the process of using the `java.net.url` class to parse urls in java.

### what is a url?

a uniform resource locator (url) is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. a standard url comprises several components:

- **protocol**: the protocol used to access the resource (e.g., `http`, `https`, `ftp`).
- **host**: the domain name or ip address of the server.
- **port**: the port number at which the server is listening (optional).
- **path**: the specific location of the resource on the server.
- **query**: a string of key-value pairs used to pass data to the resource (optional).
- **fragment**: a fragment identifier that points to a specific part of the resource (optional).

### java url parsing

the `java.net.url` class provides a convenient way to work with urls. here's how to use it.

#### step 1: import necessary packages

you need to import the necessary classes from the `java.net` package.



#### step 2: create a url object

you can create a url object by passing a string representation of the url to the `url` constructor.

#### step 3: access components

once you have the url object, you can access its components using various methods provided by the `url` class.

### example code

here's a complete example demonstrating how to parse a url in java:



### explanation of the code

1. **importing classes**: we import `malformedurlexception` to handle potential errors in url format and `url` to work with url objects.

2. **creating a url string**: we define a string `urlstring` representing the url we want to parse.

3. **creating a url object**: we use the `new url(urlstring)` constructor to create a url object.

4. **accessing components**: we call various methods on the url object:
- `getprotocol()`: ...

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