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In this segment of the “How Fast Is It” video book we cover the speed of light. We start with the slow-moving snail and work up through people, animals, birds, cars, aircraft and spaceships. Along the way we graph speeds on a space-time diagram. Following the history of land speed records, we cover the speed of sound and include its nature as a longitudinal wave and its speed in dry air and the sound barrier. We then cover the Galilean transformations for converting speeds from one reference frame to another. We increase the velocities to the point where we see light traveling at different speeds as far as the Galilean transformations are concerned. We then show how Galileo tried and failed to measure the speed of light; Roemer’s use of Jupiter’s moon Io; and then we show how Antonio Louis Fizeau did measure the speed of light. We’ll also cover Maxwell’s speed of light calculations; We then cover wave interference and the Michelson Interferometer. And using the interferometer, we cover the Michelson-Morley experiment that showed that the speed of light was a constant. We finish with a look at the two main modern ways for measuring the speed of light.

Music:
@00:00 Giachino Rossini - William Tell Overture; London Philharmonia Orchestra; from the album The London Philharmonic Collection: Light Classics 2009
@00:49 Beethoven – Symphony No 7 Allegretto; Carlos Kleiber & Wiener Philharmoniker; from the album Beethoven: Symphonies Nos.5 & 7 1995
@12:08 Mozart – Violin Concerto No 5 Turkish II; Christian Altenburger, German; from the album 50 Must-Have Adagio Masterpieces 2013
@27:10 Joseph Haydn – Symphony No 98; Cappella Coloniensis; from the album 50 Must-Have Adagio Masterpieces 2013
@37:28 Chopin – Raindrops; from the album The Romantic World of Chopin's Piano, Vol. 3 2000

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