The civil war in Sudan is quickly becoming the world's most dire humanitarian crisis. While the conflicts in Gaza and Ukraine are overshadowing it, the fighting in Sudan has escalated sharply over the past year, leading to mass displacement and widespread starvation. However, despite the gravity of the crisis, the conflict is receiving limited international attention, leading many to refer to it as a "forgotten war."

The Republic of Sudan, located in northeast Africa and bordering the Red Sea, is rich in history and cultural diversity. Its history includes periods under Ancient Egyptian domination, Christian Nubian kingdoms, the Ottoman Empire, and British Colonial rule. However, following independence in 1956, the new country was plunged into a prolonged and brutal civil war between the Arab Muslim North and the African Christian South. This lasted until 2011, when South Sudan became independent. Since then, the country has also been affected by a brutal conflict in Darfur, where a brutal Arab militia, the Janjaweed, carried out genocide against local Sub-Saharan African ethnic groups. However, the current crisis emerged after the military overthrew the country’s longstanding dictator, Omar al Bashir, in 2019. Once close allies, the leaders of the coup have since fallen out. This has seen the Army, led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, come to blows with the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), led by Deputy Army Chief General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (also known as Hamedti). As the civil war enters its second year with no resolution in sight and the UN calls for billions in aid, the world remains distracted by other international events.

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*VIDEO CHAPTERS*
00:00 Introduction and Titles
00:46 International Attention on the Sudan Civil War
02:06 Sudan: Location and Population
02:50 A Short History of Sudan
04:25 Independence and the Sudanese Civil War
05:27 South Sudan Independence and the Darfur Crisis
06:30 Sudan Comes under Military Rule
07:42 Tensions Between Sudan’s Military Leaders
08:55 The Start of Sudan’s Current Civil War
10:01 Sudan’s Civil War Escalates
12:42 Sudan: The World’s Forgotten War

*SOURCES AND FURTHER READING*
Sudan | UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
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General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo | Twitter/X
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Omar Al Bashir | ICC
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