In today's video I'm going to break down the science you need to know to teach your dog any command.

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First, we must understand that everything our dogs do is based on their motivations.

First: We use what's known as reward-based training. This means we offer the dog a reward to get the dog to do what we like. This training only works if the dog wants the reward that you are offering.

Second: We use what is known as leash pressure. This is when we use a leash to guide our dog into each position.

Third: This is what's known as escape avoidance training. This is when the dog is going into the desired position to escape or avoid a correction. This is not a recommended option.

Fourth: This one is called free shaping. This is when we don't have anything in mind we would like the dog to perform, but when they do something we like, we reward them for it.

Fifth: This is what's known as fixed shaping. We have something in mind we want the dog to do, but we don't directly show them as with luring or leash pressure. Instead, we put the dog into a specific situation that will get the dog to do the desired task.

Next is understanding timing,

When our dogs do a behavior, we have approximately one second to let them know we would like that behavior repeated, or we would not like that behavior repeated.

Let's say we asked our dog to sit. The moment the dog's butt hits the ground, the timer starts.

Within that first second, we have to either give the dog the primary reinforcer which is food, a toy, or affection. Or we can give the dog the conditioned reinforcer (also known as a marker) which is a sound (such as a click) that predicts a reward.

Each word only has value to our dogs based on what the word predicts. This comes from the studies conducted by Ivan Pavlov. He found that if the same sound always preceded a reward, the dogs would eventually begin to salivate when they heard the sound even before the food was present. This is what he called classical conditioning.

We have to keep this in mind when we are conditioning our dogs to our markers, also known as conditioned reinforcers. We make the sound, then we deliver the reward. After enough repetitions, your dog will become conditioned to the sound and you will then be able to use it in your training.

So let's go back to the sit. If you give your dog the primary within the first second, then you have effectively shown your dog that it was a behavior that you liked. But what if you use the conditioned reinforcer? How long would you have to deliver the primary to your dog before you lose the connection? Well, you have as much time as the dog is paying attention to you.

Once we understand this, then we are ready to put it all together.

If you can understand the science of dog training, you can master the art!

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