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Politics and society
Power Elites
Who are elites ?
Privileged or most powerful among the powerfuls
On top of every sector
Have influence
Two types of people in society:
Elites
Commoners
Power circulates between elites and never comes in the hands of common man
Sociological Theory of Power
A small minority
Economic elite and policy-planning networks
Holds the most power
By classical elite theorists Vilfredo Pareto, Garteno Mosca, Machiavelli and C.W. Mills
Constant sum theory
Marx – haves and have nots
One gets power at the cost of other
Power is constant
Both groups try to achieve power
Only one gets it
Variable sum theory
Parsons
Power can be changed in degree
Source of power – Values
Values vary with time and society
Power is variable
Without compromising others need of power, one can be powerful
Two types of elites : Lions and Foxes
Lions –
Take direct action and achieve power the rule by force
Example military dictatorship
Foxes –
Wheeling and dealing
Diplomatic manipulation
Cunning and guile
Eg. European democracy
Because of their personal qualities they become governing elites either lion like or fox like characteristics
Pareto’s views
Book, “The Circulation of Elites”
THE LAW OF CIRCULATION OF ELITES
Machiavelli’s view of Lions and Foxes maintained
Two types of elites:
Rentiers- no risk
Speculators- risk takers or investors
“History is the graveyard of aristocracies.”
Economic power circulates between the two
When one elite replaces another, the “Circulation of elites” takes place
Eventually Decay in quality and lose their virtue
Become ineffective and lose the power
For Pareto, "history of men is the history of the continues replacement of certain elites as one ascends another declines, such is the real phenomenon, though to us it may often appear under another form" (Pareto 1968, p.36).
G. Mosca’s views
THE RULING CLASS
A class that rules and a class that is ruled
Two types of elites:
Ruling or governing elites
Minority is always organized and overcomes the majority.
Non-ruling or non-governing elites
Two political facts :
Supreme power in hand of one leader
To get support from mass he should be caring about them
C.W. Mills
Studied American power structure and claimed that America’s role were power elites
Book – “The Power Elite ”
Three types of elites:
Political elites
Economic elites
Military elite
All are in nexus and control all the commands and posts
Help each other to consolidate their position in the power structure
He argued that democracy is for the elites and by the elites in the American democracy there is no space for common man
State policies reflect interests of power elites
NOTE
Book : “In Defense of Elitism” By Joel Stein
MCQs
Q.1. According to Pareto_____________ provided an example of fox type of elite
(A) Military dictatorship
(B) Political democracy
(C) European democracies
(D) Industrial elites
Ans. c
Q.2. Find out the incorrect match
(a) Pareto: Lions and foxes elites
(b) Marx: Power elite
(c) Weber: Legal, traditional and charismatic authority
(d) Evans Pritchard: study of Nuers of Sudan
Ans. b
#UGC-NET #ELITE THEORY #POWER #SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS #POLITICS
Chapters:
0:00 Politics and Society Power Elites
0:59 Who are Elites?
1:21 Two types of People in Society
1:57 Sociological Theory of Power
2:34 Constant Sum Theory
3:20 Variable Sum Theory
3:50 Power Elite Theory
4:11 Lions
4:38 Foxes
5:10 Pareto’s Views
5:36 Two types of Elites
7:20 G. Mosca’s Views
7:49 Two Political Facts
8:13 C. W. Mills
9:26 Politics and Society Power Elites - Questions #ugcnet #doorsteptutor #examrace
