[4K] Swedish Air Force Saab JAS 39 Gripen C/D fighters taking part to the ACE23 / Arctic Challenge Exercise 2023 aerial exercises in Finland, 2023. Location: Satakunta Air Command base, Tampere-Pirkkala airport.

(C) Jukka O. Kauppinen 2023
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Saab JAS 39 Gripen C

The Saab JAS 39 Gripen C is a single-engine, canard-delta-wing multi-role fighter, produced by the Swedish Saab AB (originally Svenska Aeroplan AB). It is the Swedish manufacturer’s candidate in the HX Fighter Program, aiming to replace the capabilities of the Finnish Air Force Hornets.
The development of the Gripen (“Griffin”) began already in the late 1970’s as the Swedish Air Force sought a successor for their outdating Saab J35 Draken and Saab J37 Viggen fighters. Saab responded by designing a new multi-role fighter – the name JAS is an abbreviation for Jakt(air-to-air)-, Attack(air-to-ground)- and Spaningsplan (reconnaissance plane). The aircraft flew its maiden flight in 1988, and it was introduced into operative use by the Swedish Air Force officially in 1997.
There are several versions of the Gripen available. The oldest version is JAS 39A, and its two-seat version JAS 39B. The newer C/D -versions were introduced in the 2000’s. In 2016 Saab unveiled the newest, Next Generation Gripen E/F -version.
In addition to Sweden, the Gripen is operated by the air forces of Czech Republic, Hungary, South Africa and Thailand. Also British Empire Test Pilots’ School operates the aircraft to train their pilots in Linköping, Sweden. The Brazilian Air Force has also placed an order for 36 next-generation Gripen E/F -fighters, the aircraft are to be delivered between 2019 – 2024.

The Arctic Challenge Exercise from 29 May to 9 June is one of the Europe's largest live air exercises. The exercise will be led by Finland.
Approximately 3,000 soldiers and 150 aircraft from 14 different nations' armed forces will take part in the multinational Arctic Challenge Exercise hosted by Finland, Sweden and Norway. Apart from the host nations, the exercise will involve participants from the Netherlands, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, France, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, the Czech Republic and the United States, and NATO with its AWACS aircraft.
Twelve Finnish Air Force F/A-18 Hornet multirole fighters and liaison and transport aircraft will operate in the exercise. The ACE 23 host bases are located at Rovaniemi and Pirkkala in Finland, Luleå in Sweden and Ørland in Norway.
The exercise is commanded by Colonel Henrik Elo, Deputy Chief of Staff Air Force Command Finland. The Deputy Exercise Directors are Colonel Carl-Fredrik Edström of the Swedish Air Force and Colonel Andreas Johansen of the Royal Norwegian Air Force.
The missions will mainly be carried out in the areas extending over the northern regions of Finland, Norway and Sweden. In Finland flight activities will also be conducted in the training areas bordering on Sodankylä and Kajaani as well as Tampere, Oulu and Vaasa. Exercise air operations will take place over the sea area between Vaasa and Pori.
2023's Arctic Challenge Exercise (ACE 23) is the sixth of its kind that Finland, Norway and Sweden have hosted together.

The objective of the exercise is to strengthen the ability to conduct combat operations together in large multinational air operations (COMAO) safely and effectively. This enables to improve the air combat methods and tactics between dissimilar aircraft types. The use of the Cross Border Training (CBT) concept facilitates to develop interoperability, the provision of host nation support and the receipt of international assistance.

The Arctic Challenge Exercises organised since 2013 form part of the NORDEFCO cooperation between Finland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The nations’ Air Forces regularly carry out combined air combat related CBT waves operated from their home bases. The cost-effective implementation pattern of combined exercises can also be applied to large air operations exercises, such as ACE.

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