An epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a transparent, avascular, fibrocellular membrane on the inner retinal surface that adheres to and covers the internal limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina.

Idiopathic ERMs are relatively common. At autopsy, they are discovered in 2% of patients older than 50 years and in 20% older than 75 years.

When present, it may be asymptomatic at early stages. As it progresses, ERMs become highly reflective and thickened. Contracture of the membrane causes distortion and wrinkling of the inner surface of the retina. It may cause blurry vision, visual distortion, aniseikonia, and diplopia.

It can be removed surgically under local anaesthesia (subtenon marcaine), and takes an average of 25 to 40 minutes.

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