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The Gram staining method is named after the Danish bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram (1853 --1938) who originally devised it in 1882 (but published in 1884), to discriminate between pneumococci and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria in lung tissue. It is a differential staining method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) based on the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls. This reaction divides the eubacteria into
two fundamental groups according to their stainability and is one of the basic foundations on which bacterial identification is built. Gram staining is not used to classify archaea, since these microorganisms give very variable responses.
