Following the Punic Wars, Rome entered a period of aggressive expansion. The Roman military, now equipped with advanced tactics and a disciplined structure, was crucial in this endeavor. The legions, composed of heavily armed infantry known as legionaries, became the backbone of the Roman army. Each legion consisted of around 5,000 soldiers organized into smaller units called cohorts. This organization allowed for both strength in numbers and tactical flexibility. The campaigns during the late Republic and early Empire saw significant conquests, including the annexation of provinces in Gaul, Britain, and the eastern Mediterranean. Julius Caesar’s campaigns in Gaul (58–50 BCE) exemplified Roman military strategy and leadership, as his writings detail the use of fortifications and logistics that secured victories against various Gallic tribes.

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