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Vacco v. Quill | 521 U.S. 793 (1997)

End-of-life issues are among the most powerful questions a person can face. A few states allow a dying person the option of assisted suicide, but most states prohibit it. The United States Supreme Court considered the constitutionality of such prohibitions in the 1997 case of Vacco versus Quill.

The State of New York prohibited assisted suicide for everyone but allowed all competent patients to refuse life-saving medical treatment. Doctor Timothy Quill, a physician, wanted to be able to prescribe lethal medications at the request of his terminally ill patients. He, along with other doctors and some of their terminally ill patients, sued New York Attorney General Dennis Vacco in federal court. Quill argued that New York allows a patient to refuse medical treatment, so its prohibition against assisted suicide violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause.

The district court rejected the plaintiffs’ claims, but the court of appeals reversed, holding that if patients are permitted to reject life-saving treatment, a ban on assisted suicide constitutes an equal-protection violation. The United States Supreme Court granted cert.

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