How does Covid 19 mutate?! The new Omicron variant of COVID has been discovered in South Africa. Is it the "worst ever" Covid variant? It is the most mutated form of Covid so far. South Africa reported it to the World Health Organization on 24 November.

Viruses are made of genetic material like DNA and RNA. Coronaviruses are made of RNA.

Unlike other living organisms, viruses are not independent. They have to hijack the resources of another organism's cells to survive and replicate.

Replication means copying their RNA to form a new virus. Sometimes there are random mistakes when copying the RNA - that's what we call a mutation.

The mutation can be harmful, beneficial or neutral for virus's survival.

It can cause changes in the surface proteins or antigens in the virus's outer layer, so it looks different to our immune system

In particular, if the virus's spike protein mutates to make it better at getting into human cells, it's beneficial for the virus and harmful for us humans because it's more infectious.

The more COVID spreads, the more chance of RNA copying mistakes, the more chance of dangerous mutations and variants.

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