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General Organic Chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of carbon-containing compounds and their properties, structures, reactions, and synthesis. Organic chemistry plays a central role in the understanding of biology, medicine, and the creation of new materials, such as polymers, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals.

Here’s a brief overview of key topics in General Organic Chemistry:

1. Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry
Organic Compounds: These are compounds that primarily consist of carbon atoms, along with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes other elements like sulfur, phosphorus, halogens, etc.
Covalent Bonding: Organic compounds are characterized by covalent bonding, where atoms share electrons to form stable configurations.
Hybridization: The mixing of atomic orbitals to form hybrid orbitals that explain the bonding patterns of carbon (sp3, sp2, sp hybridizations).
Functional Groups: The reactive parts of organic molecules, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, etc.
Isomerism: The existence of compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements (structural isomerism) or spatial arrangements (stereoisomerism).
2. Structure and Bonding
Lewis Structures: Representations showing how atoms in a molecule are bonded together and their lone pairs of electrons.
Resonance Structures: Different ways of drawing the same molecule that show the delocalization of electrons, particularly in conjugated systems.
VSEPR Theory (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion): Used to predict the shape of molecules based on electron pair repulsion.
3. Reactions in Organic Chemistry
Organic reactions are often classified based on how bonds are broken or formed:

Addition Reactions: Atoms or groups are added to a molecule, such as in alkenes undergoing hydrogenation.
Elimination Reactions: Atoms or groups are removed from a molecule, resulting in the formation of double or triple bonds (e.g., dehydrohalogenation).
Substitution Reactions: One atom or group in a molecule is replaced by another (e.g., nucleophilic substitution).
Rearrangement Reactions: The structure of a molecule changes without the addition or elimination of atoms.
4. Mechanisms of Organic Reactions
Nucleophilic Substitution (SN1, SN2): These are reactions where a nucleophile replaces a leaving group. The SN1 mechanism involves a two-step process with

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