How to calculate pipe size.This video will help you to calculate pipe size for a given flow rate. While selecting pipe size, it should be noted that, for a given flow rate, the operating cost for small diameter pipe is higher than large size pipe. This is due to higher frictional losses in small pipes. However, cost of acquiring small pipe is less as compared with large pipe. So it seems that large diameter pipes are the better options, because it offers low pumping cost due to less frictional losses. The answer is NO. As large diameter pipe not only increases the pipe acquiring cost but also, increase the support structure cost. Because large diameter pipe requires a strong support structure.
For a given pipe size, operating cost can be calculated as sum of pumping cost and maintenance cost. Now if we add both operating and pipe acquiring cost, we will get the total cost. So, there must be an intermediate pipe size, which will offer the lowest total cost. This pipe size, which offer the lowest total cost is known as economical pipe size.
We should select this economical pipe size. One more thing I want to clear that, the pipe acquiring cost also known as fixed cost, is the one-time investment. However, operating cost is being charged annually. Therefore, these two costs cannot be simply added to find the total cost. So these two costs have to be brought into the same units, before they can be added.
For combining these two costs, generally capitalization method, annuity method and net present worth method are used. However, I will explain net present worth method.
Suppose if we deposit this operating cost in a bank till 40 years, so we will get accumulated principle amount with interest after completion of 40 years. So present worth factor gives us present worth of this future accumulated amount. So, if we multiply the annual operating cost by present wroth factor, we will get the present worth of total operating cost.
Now we can calculate the total cost by adding fixed cost with operating cost multiplied by present worth factor.
The pumping cost can be calculated using formula given in video.Generally, maintenance cost is considered as 4 to 5 % of the fixed cost. Now to calculate operating cost, we simply add pumping cost and maintenance cost. Fixed cost of the pipe consist of pipe purchase cost, installation cost and other miscellaneous costs, however, for this example we are considering pipe purchase cost only.
For calculation of piping cost use formula explained in this video Fitting cost can be obtained from various approved vendors, previous project data and from latest market survey. In case of absence of fitting cost, it may be considered as 1.4 to 1.6 times the piping cost per meter length.


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