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The oldest known god in written history is typically considered to be Anu, the sky god, worshiped by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) around 4,000 BCE. Anu was part of the Sumerian
pantheon and was later incorporated into the pantheon of other civilizations in the
region, such as the Akkadians and Babylonians. Anu was believed to be the father
of the gods and the ruler of the heavens.
It's important to note that there may have been older gods or deities worshiped by
prehistoric cultures that did not have written records. Archaeological evidence
suggests that religious beliefs and practices existed long before the invention of
writing. However, without written records, it is Anu & his daughter Ishtar, the morning star, who show up in the beginning.
The oldest known tablet or inscription mentioning the god Anu comes from the
ancient Sumerian city of Uruk and dates back to around 2500 BCE. This tablet,
known as the Uruk King List, is a historical document that lists the kings of Uruk in
chronological order. Among the names of the kings, there is a reference to Anu,
indicating his prominence as a deity in that period.
Additionally, Anu is mentioned in several other ancient Sumerian texts, such as
hymns, prayers, and myths, which provide further insights into the role and
significance of this god in Sumerian religious beliefs. These texts were written on
clay tablets and have been discovered at various archaeological sites in
Mesopotamia, including the cities of Nippur, Ur, and Eridu.
It's worth noting that these inscriptions and tablets are the oldest known
references to Anu specifically, but it is likely that the worship of Anu predates
these written records, possibly by several centuries or more.
Anu is considered the god of the heavens, and his name
is often translated as "sky" or "firmament." Although the word AN is interchangable with the word logogram for the word GOD "diĝir", and it is theorized that the word AN, is cognate with the proto indo european root for the word ONE, which also is AN or EIN, showing ANU as a possible proto-Monad concept of "the ONE".
Anu is the son of Anshar and Kishar, who are
primordial deities associated with the horizon and the earth. Anu is depicted as a
mighty and wise god who resides in the highest heaven, ruling over the other
gods. He is often portrayed as the father or progenitor of other deities, including
Enlil and Ea (also known as Enki). Anu's role as the supreme deity is sometimes
overshadowed by other gods such as Enlil or Marduk, who gained more
prominence in later periods. Nevertheless, Anu retains his status as the head of
the pantheon and the ultimate authority.
Anu's role in the divine hierarchy is also reflected in the Mesopotamian cosmology,
where he occupies the highest level of the universe, separated from the earth and
its inhabitants. He is associated with the celestial realm, divine laws, and the
ordering of the cosmos. In the Akkadian mythology of Babylon, Anu is considered the chief god and the father of all other gods. He plays a crucial role in the creation story known as the
Enuma Elish, where he gives birth to the god Ea and grants him authority over the
earth.
The god OURANOS in Greek mythology seems to have a similar role as "the firmament, or Heavens" god.
Or Sky Father: Both Anu and Ouranos are considered the personifications of the sky and are regarded as sky kings. They are associated with the heavens and are seen as the rulers of the celestial realm. Both Anu and Ouranos are considered primordial
deities, existing at the beginning of creation. They are among the earliest
divine beings in their respective mythologies. Anu and Ouranos are depicted as fathers of major deities in their pantheons. Anu is the father of Enlil and Ea, while Ouranos is
the father of the Titans, including Cronus (Saturn) and Rhea. Both gods hold significant authority and power
within their pantheons. They are often depicted as the leaders of the gods,
overseeing and governing the other deities.
Both Anu and Ouranos are physically
separated from the earth and its inhabitants. Anu resides in the highest
heaven, while Ouranos is depicted as an entity that covers and separates the
earth from the heavens.
These parallels suggest a common theme of a sky god figure with a paternal role
and authority in the early mythologies of these civilizations.
Anu is associated with the concept of divine
kingship, which was a prominent aspect of Sumerian society. He is seen as the
ultimate authority and the one who bestows kingship upon earthly rulers. The
king of Sumer was believed to derive his authority from Anu.
#gnosticinformant #sumerian #history
